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''Albatrellus subrubescens'' is a species of polypore fungus in the family Albatrellaceae. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus have whitish to pale buff-colored caps that can reach up to in diameter, and stems up to long and thick. On the underside of the caps are tiny light yellow to pale greenish-yellow pores, the site of spore production. When the fruit bodies are fresh, the cap and pores stain yellow where exposed, handled, or bruised. The species is found in Asia, Europe, and North America, where it grows on the ground in deciduous or mixed woods, usually in association with pine trees. It is closely related, and physically similar, to the more common ''Albatrellus ovinus'', from which it may be distinguished macroscopically by differences in the color when bruised, and microscopically by the amyloid (staining bluish-black to black with Melzer's reagent) walls of the spores. The fruit bodies of ''A. subrubescens'' contain scutigeral, a bioactive chemical that has antibiotic activity. ''A. subrubescens'' mushrooms are mildly poisonous, and consuming them will result in a short-term gastrointestinal illness. ==Taxonomy and phylogeny== The species was first described as ''Scutiger subrubescens'' by American mycologist William Murrill in 1940, based on collections that he found growing under oak near Gainesville, Florida, in November 1938.〔 In 1947 he transferred it to the genus ''Polyporus''.〔 Josiah Lincoln Lowe examined Murrill's type material and thought that it did not differ from ''Albatrellus confluens''.〔 In 1965, Zdeněk Pouzar made collections from Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), and described it as a new species (''Albatrellus similis''), unaware of the similarity to Murrill's Florida specimens.〔 Further study revealed that ''A. similis'' was identical to Murrill's ''Scutiger subrubescens'', and Pouzar transferred the latter epithet to ''Albatrellus''.〔 In 1974, Pouzar recognized that Lowe's species ''Albatrellus confluens'' was distinct from ''A. subrubescens''.〔 The specific epithet ''subrubescens'', "tinted reddish", is derived from the Latin words ''sub'' ("less than") and ''rubescens'' ("growing red").〔 | caption=Phylogeny of ''A. subrubescens'' and selected related species based on ribosomal DNA sequences.〔 }} Four ''Albatrellus'' species were included in a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of the order Russulales published in 2003. Based on their ribosomal DNA sequences, the four form a clade, or monophyletic group (that is, they derived from a single ancestor). Of the four tested species, ''A. ovinus'' was most closely related to ''A. subrubescens''. The polypore ''Wrightoporia lenta'' (type species of the genus ''Wrightoporia'') occurred on a single branch basal to the albatrellus clade, implying that it shared with the ''Albatrellus'' species a common ancestor from which both were descended.〔 In a more recent (2010) molecular analysis by Canadian mycologist Serge Audet aimed at clarifying relationships among species formerly placed in ''Scutiger'', ''A. subrubescens'' grouped in a clade with ''A. ovinus'' and ''A. citrinus''. According to Audet, these species, in addition to ''A. avellaneus'' and ''A. piceiphilus'', are the constituents of an ''Albatrellus'' with limits defined by molecular genetics. Other ''Albatrellus'' species were transferred to segregate genera: ''A. fletti'' and ''A. confluens'' to ''Albatrellopsis''; ''A. caeruleoporus'' and ''A. yasudae'' to ''Neoalbatrellus''; ''A. pes-caprae'' and ''A. ellisii'' to an amended ''Scutiger''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Albatrellus subrubescens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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